A bstract Mitochondrial dysfunction and low NAD+ levels are markers of skeletal muscle aging and sarcopenia. This study links circulating trigonelline, related to nicotinic acid, to NAD+ levels and muscle health across species. In humans, lower trigonelline levels correlate with sarcopenia and reduced muscle strength. Trigonelline boosts NAD+ levels in C. elegans, mice, and human muscle cells. It enhances mitochondrial function, reduces muscle wasting, and increases lifespan in C. elegans via an NAD+-dependent mechanism involving sirtuin. In mice, dietary trigonelline improves muscle strength and reduces fatigue with aging, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic supplement for age-related muscle decline.
Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function, involves mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced NAD+ levels. The MEMOSA study highlighted these issues in sarcopenia patients. NAD+, an essential coenzyme from vitamin B3, declines with age, affecting muscle health.
Research identified lower serum levels of trigonelline, an alkaloid, in sarcopenia patients. Trigonelline levels correlated with muscle mass, strength, and gait speed and were linked to NAD+ levels and mitochondrial function. Dietary factors like folate and fiber might influence trigonelline levels. Trigonelline is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for improving muscle health and NAD+ metabolism in sarcopenia.
